The HIV/AIDS epidemic is an ongoing threat to public health. Its elimination requires greater efforts to broaden antiretroviral treatment coverage, availability and personalization. HIV drug resistance is currently a global problem due to its continuing increase in recent years, undermining efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. Pretreatment HIV drug-resistance surveillance is part of WHO’s strategy for addressing antiretroviral drug resistance. This paper describes and analyzes pretreatment HIV drug-resistance surveillance in Cuba. It presents a chronology of HIV resistance studies in untreated patients, along with their results and programmatic actions related to first- and second-line treatment regimens. Cuba’s incorporation into the Global HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance Laboratories Network and the advantages of having a WHO-designated laboratory in which to conduct periodic studies of HIV drug-resistance surveillance are described. HIV drug-resistance surveillance in Cuba is a necessary tool in HIV/AIDS monitoring and control, as it obtains population-scale data used to inform programmatic decisions related to optimizing first- and second-line treatments for children and adults, as well as helping meet goals of eliminating HIV transmission.

KEYWORDS HIV, anti-HIV agents, drug resistance, viral, antiretroviral agents, Cuba